Garlic and vitamin C may be the best remedy for treating weak errection.

Infertility is a multi-parameter phenomenon with a wide range of
factors that affects spermatogenesis and sperm quality. Spermatogenesis is a process in which male sex cells
are produced and the disorder in each of these stages can cause infertility. Fertility in men depends largely on the number, quality, motility, and morphology of the sperm, and the disruption of each of these factors leads to infertility in men. Infertility, as a psychological
crisis, imposes a lot of stress on infertile couples and in different ways threatens their mental health

Failure to have a child is an unpleasant event in the lives of infertile people. Inability to become pregnant after one
year of regular intercourse, without using contraception, is defined as infertility. About 30%-50% of the causes of infertility are related to male problems. Each day, the number of medical reports about the extent of
infertility in the world increases, according to a systematic review in this regard, about 48.5 million couples around the world affected by this problem.

Fertility in men depends largely
on the number, quality, motility, and morphology of the sperm, and the disruption of each of these factors leads to infertility in men. Infertility, as a psychological crisis, imposes a lot of stress on infertile couples and in
different ways threatens their mental health.

The results in the study by Oi et al
indicated that garlic supplementation boosts LH from the pituitary gland, and this stimulates testosterone secretion
from the testicle. Nonetheless, in the study by Bahrami et al, it was recommended that the cooked garlic has better therapeutic effects and, while affecting the reproduction of the sexual cells in testes and epididymis, improves spermatogenesis. Due to presence of dialyldisulfide in its biochemical
structure, garlic affects the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Diallyldisulfide stimulates the basophilic cells and secretion of LH sex hormones by affecting the anterior pituitary. LH stimulates Leydig cells in the testes, which in turn is a precursor to secretion and regulation of testosterone. Also, diallyldisulfide reduces oxygen free radicals, enhances and strengthens the blood-testis barrier and increases the circulation in the testicles, thus protects the sexual Organs. By increasing blood flow to the testicles (due to the consumption of garlic), phenol and phenolic glycosides are released which increase the glutathione peroxidase enzyme. The role of this enzyme is to protect sperms in testicular and epididymal tissue. The enzyme protects the sperm from the damage of free radicals by placement in the plasma membrane and the nucleus of sperm, epididymal fluid and epididymis, and leads to ultimate maturation and development of the
sperm.

Combining garlic and vitamin C restores erectile strength.

The combination of vitamin C and garlic was proven to be effective to erectile strength. This may not have been scientifically proven. However, most men who chew garlic and 1g of vitamin C reported restoration of strong errection. To get a better benefit from this combination, It is recommended to take garlic and vitamin C at night after dinner and morning before breakfast for at least a period of three days.
Vitamin C improves blood flow, which results in blood flow reaching to the pelvic regions and thus the urethra. This enhances rigidity of the pennis.

References

Mohammadi F, Nikzad H, Taherian A, Amini Mahabadi J, Salehi M. Effects of herbal medicine on male infertility. Anat Sci J. 2013;10(4):3-16.

Kim SJ, Kim MR, Hwang SY, Bae WJ, Kim S, Hong SH, et al. Preliminary report on the safety of a new herbal formula
and its effect on sperm quality. World J Mens Health. 2013;31(3):254-61. doi: 10.5534/wjmh.2013.31.3.254.

Roozbeh N, Rostami S, Abdi F. A review on herbal medicine with fertility and infertility characteristics in males. Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility. 2016;19(13):18-32.

Mascarenhas MN, Flaxman SR, Boerma T, Vanderpoel S, Stevens GA. National, regional, and global trends in infertility prevalence since 1990: a systematic analysis of 277 health surveys. PLoS Med.2012; 9(12):e1001356. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001356.

Bahrami KH, Mahjor AA, Johary H, Bahrami R, Bahrami A. Comparative study on histopatological and
histomorphometric effect of raw and cooked garlic on spermatogenesis in testis and epidydims of rats. J Fasa Univ Med Sci. 2014;3(4):371-9

Ouarda M, Abdennour C. Evaluation of the therapeutic efficiency of raw garlic on reproduction of domestic rabbits
under lead induced toxicity. Ann Biol Res. 2011;2(3):38993

Oi Y, Imafuku M, Shishido C, Kominato Y, Nishimura S, Iwai K. Garlic supplementation increases testicular testosterone and decreases plasma corticosterone in rats fed a high protein diet. J Nutr. 2001;131(8):2150-6. doi: 10.1093/jn/131.8.2150

Pal R, Vaiphei K, Sikander A, Singh K, Rana SV. Effect of garlic on isoniazid and rifampicin-induced hepatic injury in rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2006;12(4):636-9.

Amin A, Hamza AA. Effects of Roselle and Ginger on cisplatin-induced reproductive toxicity in rats. Asian J Androl. 2006;8(5):607-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-7262.2006.00179.x.
Garlic and vitamin C may be the best remedy for treating weak errection.

Infertility is a multi-parameter phenomenon with a wide range of
factors that affects spermatogenesis and sperm quality. Spermatogenesis is a process in which male sex cells
are produced and the disorder in each of these stages can cause infertility. Fertility in men depends largely on the number, quality, motility, and morphology of the sperm, and the disruption of each of these factors leads to infertility in men. Infertility, as a psychological
crisis, imposes a lot of stress on infertile couples and in different ways threatens their mental health

Failure to have a child is an unpleasant event in the lives of infertile people. Inability to become pregnant after one
year of regular intercourse, without using contraception, is defined as infertility. About 30%-50% of the causes of infertility are related to male problems. Each day, the number of medical reports about the extent of
infertility in the world increases, according to a systematic review in this regard, about 48.5 million couples around the world affected by this problem.

Fertility in men depends largely
on the number, quality, motility, and morphology of the sperm, and the disruption of each of these factors leads to infertility in men. Infertility, as a psychological crisis, imposes a lot of stress on infertile couples and in
different ways threatens their mental health.

The results in the study by Oi et al
indicated that garlic supplementation boosts LH from the pituitary gland, and this stimulates testosterone secretion
from the testicle. Nonetheless, in the study by Bahrami et al, it was recommended that the cooked garlic has better therapeutic effects and, while affecting the reproduction of the sexual cells in testes and epididymis, improves spermatogenesis. Due to presence of dialyldisulfide in its biochemical
structure, garlic affects the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Diallyldisulfide stimulates the basophilic cells and secretion of LH sex hormones by affecting the anterior pituitary. LH stimulates Leydig cells in the testes, which in turn is a precursor to secretion and regulation of testosterone. Also, diallyldisulfide reduces oxygen free radicals, enhances and strengthens the blood-testis barrier and increases the circulation in the testicles, thus protects the sexual Organs. By increasing blood flow to the testicles (due to the consumption of garlic), phenol and phenolic glycosides are released which increase the glutathione peroxidase enzyme. The role of this enzyme is to protect sperms in testicular and epididymal tissue. The enzyme protects the sperm from the damage of free radicals by placement in the plasma membrane and the nucleus of sperm, epididymal fluid and epididymis, and leads to ultimate maturation and development of the
sperm.

Combining garlic and vitamin C restores erectile strength.

The combination of vitamin C and garlic was proven to be effective to erectile strength. This may not have been scientifically proven. However, most men who chew garlic and 1g of vitamin C reported restoration of strong errection. To get a better benefit from this combination, It is recommended to take garlic and vitamin C at night after dinner and morning before breakfast for at least a period of three days.
Vitamin C improves blood flow, which results in blood flow reaching to the pelvic regions and thus the urethra. This enhances rigidity of the pennis.

References

Mohammadi F, Nikzad H, Taherian A, Amini Mahabadi J, Salehi M. Effects of herbal medicine on male infertility. Anat Sci J. 2013;10(4):3-16.
Kim SJ, Kim MR, Hwang SY, Bae WJ, Kim S, Hong SH, et al. Preliminary report on the safety of a new herbal formula
and its effect on sperm quality. World J Mens Health. 2013;31(3):254-61. doi: 10.5534/wjmh.2013.31.3.254.
Roozbeh N, Rostami S, Abdi F. A review on herbal medicine with fertility and infertility characteristics in males. Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility. 2016;19(13):18-32.
Mascarenhas MN, Flaxman SR, Boerma T, Vanderpoel S, Stevens GA. National, regional, and global trends in infertility prevalence since 1990: a systematic analysis of 277 health surveys. PLoS Med.2012; 9(12):e1001356. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001356.

Bahrami KH, Mahjor AA, Johary H, Bahrami R, Bahrami A. Comparative study on histopatological and
histomorphometric effect of raw and cooked garlic on spermatogenesis in testis and epidydims of rats. J Fasa Univ Med Sci. 2014;3(4):371-9

Ouarda M, Abdennour C. Evaluation of the therapeutic efficiency of raw garlic on reproduction of domestic rabbits
under lead induced toxicity. Ann Biol Res. 2011;2(3):38993

Oi Y, Imafuku M, Shishido C, Kominato Y, Nishimura S, Iwai K. Garlic supplementation increases testicular testosterone and decreases plasma corticosterone in rats fed a high protein diet. J Nutr. 2001;131(8):2150-6. doi: 10.1093/jn/131.8.2150

Pal R, Vaiphei K, Sikander A, Singh K, Rana SV. Effect of garlic on isoniazid and rifampicin-induced hepatic injury in rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2006;12(4):636-9.
Amin A, Hamza AA. Effects of Roselle and Ginger on cisplatin-induced reproductive toxicity in rats. Asian J Androl. 2006;8(5):607-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-7262.2006.00179.x.

Hepatitis B virus as a risk factor for gastric cancer

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant diseases in the digestive system, contributing to ∼10% of annual deaths from cancer. Although the incidence of GC has been declined for several decades, it is still the fourth most common cancer in men and fifth in women. Several risk factors have been explored. The most thoroughly investigated and commonly recognised factor is the infection of
Helicobacter pylori (Hp).
 The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection varies largely worldwide. The relatively high prevalence areas are located in some developing countries, including China.
Hepatitis B virus is considered to be a hepatotrophic virus, and it has long been confirmed to be the most important risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. However, several studies have probed the existence of HBV in some extrahepatic organs and tissues, such as the kidneys, skin, lymph nodes, bone marrow, vessel walls, colon, pancreas as well as stomach.

In a study by Chen et al (2004 ), the coexistence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) with Hp immunoglobulin G antigen in gastric antrum mucosa was observed in patients with chronic HBV infection or HBV-related cirrhosis. In addition, they found that there was no difference in the rates of HBV antigen expression between the Hp- positive and -negative patients. It was also found that patients with liver cirrhosis had a high prevalence of gastric ulcers and an increased risk of GC. Besides, the impact of Hp on gastric ulcers in patients with liver cirrhosis was found to be relatively weak. It is well known that HBV infection is the most important risk factor for liver cirrhosis in China. We therefore speculate that HBV infection may play a role in the risk of GC in China, as China is an endemic region for both GC and HBV infection. However, the markers of either past or present HBV infection could possibly be also frequently detectable in patients with GC. The relation between HBV infection and GC might be a casual association.
HBV infection has been confirmed to be a risk factor for several cancers of other organs and tissues involved in HBV infection. Hepatocellular carcinoma is well known as one of the HBV-related cancers. As HBV infection also exists in gastric mucosa epithelial cells, it may be possible that HBV infection increases the risk of GC in a similar mechanism of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. The HBV infection has been commonly recognised as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma.

The mechanism of HBV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma has been thoroughly researched, and it is complex, including direct enhancement of chromosomal instability by integration of HBV DNA into the host genome that results in alterations of host gene expression and signalling pathways. Indirect mechanisms, such as persistent inflammation, oxidative stress, hypoxia caused by cirrhosis and sequential angiogenesis, are also raised up. Recently, the epigenetic changes generated by the HBV-encoded X (HBx) protein became another focus in the exploration for mechanism of HBV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. However, to understand the authentic and detailed mechanism of HBV infection-related GC, more studies should be conducted.

Journal References

Dehesa-Violante M, Nunez-Nateras R (2007) Epidemiology of hepatitis virus B and C. Arch Med Res 38 : 606–611.
Dejean A, Lugassy C, Zafrani S, Tiollais P,
Brechot C (1984) Detection of hepatitis B virus DNA in pancreas, kidney and skin of two human carriers of the virus. J Gen Virol 65 (Pt 3): 651–655.
Lu FM, Li T, Liu S, Zhuang H (2010)
Epidemiology and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in China. J Viral Hepat
17(Suppl 1): 4–9.
Tan YJ (2011) Hepatitis B virus infection and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.
World J Gastroenterol 17: 4853–4857.
Arzumanyan A, Reis HM, Feitelson MA (2013) Pathogenic mechanisms in HBV- and HCV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Cancer 13 : 123–135.
Wei, et al.,( 2015) Hepatitis B virus infection is associated with gastric cancer in China: an endemic area of both diseases. British Journal of cancer. 112:1283-1290
Chen NL, Bai L, Deng T, Zhang C, Kong QY, Chen H (2004) Expression of hepatitis B virus antigen and Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric mucosa of patients with chronic liver disease. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 3 : 223–225.